Spatial and seasonal assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of soil in Wadi El-Rayan lakes using GIS technique

Abstract Wadi El-Rayan wetland is an inland Egyptian Ramsar site of international importance, due to its rich biodiversity. The constitutes two man-made lakes. lakes size, particularly the Lower Lake, in continuous reduction, and vegetation productivity pattern changing as result deteriorating water soil quality, domestic industrial activities. This research was carried out map spatial seasonal distribution certain physico-chemical parameters geo-referenced samples covering parts using ordinary kriging GIS technique. study utilized ArcGIS ver.10.7 software, 76 collected from representative sites; 38 during winter summer seasons. Soil data were analyzed statistically geo-statistically based on best fitted semivariogram model. results indicated high concentrations some physical chemical parameters, especially Lake El-Rayan. summary statistics for had shown that median higher than mean which presence abnormal data. finding has been approved through mapping clearly showed differences temporal between upper lower concluded generated maps method can be used effective tool wetlands’ management.